Since 1860 Jerusalem has grown far beyond the Old City's boundaries. The Old City became a World Heritage Site in 1981, and is on the List of World Heritage in Danger. Today those walls define the Old City, which has been traditionally divided into four-quarters-known since the early 19th century as the Armenian, Christian, Jewish, and Muslim Quarters. In 1538, the city walls were rebuilt for a last time around Jerusalem under Suleiman the Magnificent. During the Israelite period, significant construction activity in Jerusalem began in the 9th century BCE (Iron Age II), and in the 8th century BCE the city developed into the religious and administrative center of the Kingdom of Judah. In the Canaanite period (14th century BCE), Jerusalem was named as Urusalim on ancient Egyptian tablets, probably meaning 'City of Shalem' after a Canaanite deity. The part of Jerusalem called the City of David shows first signs of settlement in the 4th millennium BCE, in the shape of encampments of nomadic shepherds. Throughout its long history, Jerusalem has been destroyed at least twice, besieged 23 times, captured and recaptured 44 times, and attacked 52 times.

Because of this, neither claim is widely recognized internationally. Both Israelis and Palestinians claim Jerusalem as their capital, as Israel maintains its primary governmental institutions there and the State of Palestine ultimately foresees it as its seat of power. It is one of the oldest cities in the world, and is considered holy to the three major Abrahamic religions- Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Jerusalem ( / dК’ Й™ Л€ r uЛђ s Й™l Й™ m/ Hebrew: Ч™Ц°ЧЁЧ•ЦјЧ©ЦёЧЃЧњЦ·Ч™ЦґЧќ YerushalГЎyim Arabic: Ш§Щ„Щ‚ЩЏШЇШі, al-Quds, Arabic pronunciation: ( listen), local pronunciation: ) is a city in Western Asia, on a plateau in the Judaean Mountains between the Mediterranean and the Dead Sea.

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